History And Culture Of The Negritude Movement - 1658 Words

Negritude refers to a cultural movement that was launched by French-speaking black graduate students back in the 1930s in Paris from Africa and the Caribbean territories of France s colonies. These black intellectuals gathered around issues of black internationalist and race identity initiatives to fight the imperialism by the French government. They found strength in their mutual idea of affirming pride in their shared African heritage and black identity and reclaiming self-respect, self-reliance, and African self-determination. The Negritude movement was a sign of an awakening of race wistfulness for blacks in the African Diaspora and those in Africa. This new race wistfulness stemmed from the rediscovery of an original self (of the†¦show more content†¦This alienation, coupled with the uprising movement of the American black renaissance of the 1920s, gave the African writers an impetus to publicly begin expressing and reflect upon their opinions about issues of cultural a nd racial identity. Through the use of the student newspaper - The Black Student, 1933-35 (L Etudiant Noir), as the kickoff point, the African intellectuals began sharing their opinions regarding the race by exploring the idea that there was a primary commonality across all the black cultures. Even though the paper fell over after a few years, the issues expressed within its pages were firmly established, leading to the birth of the Negritude movement. The term Negritude is believed to have been coined by Cesaire. In partnership with Senghor, Cesaire developed the basic theory behind the term Negritude. In essence, the negritude movement placed a deep emphasis on the uniqueness and the celebration of African and black traditions and culture. Ideas expressed in the newspaper - The Black Student were picked up by several other periodicals, such like Presence Africaine, and eventually, with the publication of literary works of poetry edited by Senghor. The works included the French aut hor s preface - Jean-Paul Sartre, dubbed, (1948; Black Orpheus) Orphee Noire, the movement was firmly formed (Bird, 2017). Senghor defined celebration of a black African identity as the main focus of Negritude through hisShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Of Electrical Engineering : The Negritude1305 Words   |  6 Pagesengineering The Negritude By the end of the 19th century, most of Africans were living under some form of European colonial domination. The history of Africa and its Diaspora was dismissed as insignificant at best, inexistent at worse. Black cultures were ridiculed, stereotyped, and scorned. So the concept of Negritude emerged as the expression of a revolt against the historical situation of French colonialism and racism. Negritude was both a literary and ideological movement led by French-speakingRead More tempcolon Confronting Colonialism and Imperialism in Aime Cesaires A Tempest1403 Words   |  6 Pageswriters from the Negritude Movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Negritude was a literary movement of the 1930s, 40s, and 50s that began among French-speaking African and Caribbean writers as a protest against French colonial rule and the policy of assimilation.   The movement was inspired by their disturbance by the world wars, in which they saw their fellow countrymen not only dying for a cause that was not theirs but being treated as inferiors on the battlefield. Through their study of history they became awareRead MoreEssay on The Art of Benin1045 Words   |  5 PagesWestern attitudes to African people and culture have always affected how their art was appreciated and this has also coloured the response to the art from Benin. Over time concepts of ‘Race’, defined as a distinct group with a common linage, and ‘Primitive’ which pertains to the beginning or origin, , have been inextricably linked with the perception of Africa. The confusion of the two in the minds of people at the end of the 19th centaury, and some of the 20th, caused a sense of superiorityRead MoreThe Origins Of The Negritude Movement Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesThe origins of the negritude movement all point towards Aimà © Cà ©saire and his literary works. His 1969 play, A Tempest explores postcolonial identity as it relates to the black self. The portrayal of colonizer and colonized characters highlight differing attitudes towards imperialism. Cà ©saire’s call to the black man invites celebration of their identity as a race with a colorful and trying past. Born in 1913 on the island of Martinique, Aimà © Cà ©saire was immediately tossed into a realm populous withRead MoreCaribbean Literature1477 Words   |  6 PagesCaribbean Literature INTRODUCTION The evolution of Caribbean Literature started centuries before the Europeans graced these shores and continues to develop today. Quite noticeably, it developed in a manner which transcended all language barriers and cultures. Today the languages of the Caribbean are rooted in that of the colonial powers - France, Britain, Spain and Holland - whose historical encounters are quite evident throughout the region. The cosmopolitan nature of the regions language and culturalRead MoreNative Writers And Intellectuals Presented The Time1362 Words   |  6 Pageswhites were, by God’s will, made to rule over blacks. 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However more recent scholarly thought has come to critique the post-colonial paradigm as perpetuatingRead MoreThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1823 Words   |  8 Pages The Pan-African movement as described in Lemelle’s Pan-Africanism for Beginners is a set of ideas and ideologies containing social and cultural, political and economic, material and spiritual a spects. Each aspect is accompanied by a plethora of historical figures and terms unique to the movement described thoroughly in the text and the presented glossary. The piece makes it easy to understand all the information accompanying each topic. While it does have its strengths and weaknesses, the bookRead MoreThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe Pan-African movement as described in Lemelle’s Pan-Africanism for Beginners is a set of ideas and ideologies containing social and cultural, political and economic, material and spiritual aspects. Each aspect is accompanied by a plethora of historical figures and terms unique to the movement, well described throughout the text and in the presented glossary. This book makes it easy to understand all the information accompanying each topic. While it does have its strengths and weaknesses, thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Aime Cesaire s Discourse On Colonialism876 Words   |  4 Pagesby several shifts, which seem, on paper, to be quite drastic, but are actually rather fluid developments for the most part. The shifts seem to begin from his early immersion in French political theory and culture, particularly as a young man in Martinique, to his part in the Negritude movement accompanied by a distancing from Europe and wholesome embrace of blackness and the idealization of Africa as the homeland. Discourse on Colonialism Cesaire’s work discredit to focus too heavily on this moderate

Domestic Violence Violence Between Adult Intimate Partners

Domestic Violence Introduction Domestic Violence isn t just hitting, or fighting, or an occasional mean argument. It s a chronic abuse of power. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by calculated threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Actual physical violence is often the end result of months or years of intimidation and control. Defining the problem: Domestic violence is violence between adult intimate partners. Though the definition above seems simple enough (it is widely accepted in the law enforcement community as the definition), the application of the definition varies quite significantly from organization to organization, state to state, and country to country. The term intimate partners in some cases refers only to people who are cohabitating or have cohabited (lived together) whereas at other times intimate partners refers to people who are dating or who have dated at some time in the past. Perhaps a better definition of domestic violence is emotional abuse, physical abuse, or sexual abuse between people who have at some time had an intimate or family relationship. What is Emotional Abuse? Emotional abuse is when an intimate partner has... †¢ continually criticized you, called you names or shouted at you †¢ insulted or driven away your friends or family †¢ humiliated you in private or public †¢ kept you from working, controlled your money or made all the decisions †¢ refused to work or to share money †¢ taken car keys or money from you †¢Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pageslifetime (Domestic Violence Statistics, 2015). The topic that will be studied with the paper is intimate partner violence or another term that can be used is domestic violence. Domestic violence or intimate partner violence is the systematic pattern or control or power perpetuated by one partner against another (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.). Throughout the paper the term domestic violence and intimate violence will be used interchangeably. The misconception is that domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Horrific Effects Of Abuse1464 Words   |  6 PagesDOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Horrifying Effects of Abuse â€Å"To those who abuse: the sin yours, the crime is yours, and the shame is yours. To those who protect the perpetrators: blaming the victims only masks the evil within, making you as guilty as those who abuse. Stand up for the innocent or go down with the rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are the words of an individual who sees too clearly the injustice which comes with domestic violence toward women. 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Read MoreChildren s Witnessing Of Adult Domestic Violence1449 Words   |  6 PagesChildren’s Witnessing of Adult Domestic Violence A Summary of the Literature Mia-Tiara Hall HDFM 2533 April 24, 2015 Prairie View AM University Children witnessing adult domestic violence can be traumatizing. It places them in a temporary mindset of confusion of what’s actually taking place. Children have the mindset that home is a safe haven and that â€Å"Mommy† and â€Å"Daddy† are their protectors, their heroes to some. 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It is a virulent disease touching people in each community, notwithstanding age, economic standing, race, religion, status or academic background. Violence against girls is usually amid showing emotion abusive and dominant behavior, and so is a component of a scientific pattern of dominance and management. Violence ends up

Tuesdays with Morrie Sparknotes Free Essays

Tuesdays with Morrie Sparknotes, is a true story about a sports writer, Mitch Albom, who found him self, restoring an old friendship. It leads him into looking after his old College professor, Morrie Schwartz and before he knew it, he was learning life’s lessons. Morrie has been diagnosed with Lou Gehrigs Disease and is actively dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Tuesdays with Morrie Sparknotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This story is about the compassion and insight of a man who knew good in his heart and tried to lived his life to the fullest, until the day he died at home, autonomy. I found it difficult to summarize this touching story.The book has not only left me with a new insight to my own life, but more importantly, how I treat others. It made me reexamine my own ethical principles that I believe in. Tuesdays with Morrie has left me humbled. It appears as though he had a complete peace and wisdom of humanitarianism as we know it and all strive to achieve. May it be the passage to our heaven? Ethical theories and principles are the foundations of ethical study from which points of view can be established as decisions are made. Each theory emphasizes different points and each principle has common goals that each theory tries to define (1,2,3,4). As I read this story, I learned that Morrie Schwartz’ has related some of the most familiar theories we use, to his life’s greatest lessons. Some of Morrie’s greatest insights are his views on how culture plays into our lives. He explains to Mitch throughout his story that he has spent his life creating his own culture, listening to his heart and doing what was right for him, instead of worrying about what was right by society’s standards.One problem he sees is that we tend to see each other as dissimilar rather than alike. The ethical principle of autonomy states an ethical theory should allow people to have control over them selves and to be able to make decisions that apply to their lives. This means that people should have control over their lives as much as possible because they are the only people who completely understand their cho sen type of lifestyle. Each man deserves respect because only he has had those exact life experiences and understands his emotions, motivations and body in such an intimate manner.In essence, this ethical principle is an extension of the ethical principle of beneficence because a person who is independent usually prefers to have control over his life experiences in order to obtain the lifestyle that he enjoys (1,4). I believe Morrie had complete autonomy of his life in a libertarian view and tried to teach Mitch the importance of respect for other peoples decisions. A similar ideal, was defined by Social activist, Corliss Lamont in his book, The Philosophy of Humanism. The philosophy of Humanism constitutes a profound and passionate affirmation of the joys and beauties, the braveries and idealisms, of existence upon this earth. It heartily welcomes all life-enhancing and healthy pleasures, from the vigorous enjoyments of youth to the contemplative delights of mellowed age, from the simple gratifications of food and drink, sunshine and sports, to the more complex appreciations of art and literature, friendship and social communion. Humanism believes in the beauty of love and the love of beauty. It exults in the pure magnificence of external nature. (The Philosophy of Humanism, Corliss Lamont. Eighth Edition, March 2001), â€Å" Invest in the human family. Invest in people. Build a community of those you love and who love you. Learn how to live. Everyone knows they’re going to die, but nobody believes it. If we did, we would do things differently. † (Morris Schwartz, personal communication, p. 157 and p. 81) These words Morrie spoke to Mitch exudes these two principles of ethics. Morrie also points out that everyone should be prepared for death. That way you can actually be more involved in living. Until I read further I didn’t fully understand. Morrie states, â€Å" Do what the Buddhist do. Every day, have a bird on your shoulder that asks ‘ Is today the day? Am I ready? Am I doing all I need to do? Am I being the person I want to be? ’ † The principle of beneficence which is to â€Å"do good† and to achieve the greatest amount of good because people benefit from the most good would explain the words Morrie spoke. He strived to respect and give the most good to the most people he encountered through his life. The excerpt was a reflection of reminder to himself and our self to live each moment to it’s fullest without regret. Most of us walk around as if we we’re sleepwalking. We really don’t experience life fully, because we’re half-asleep, doing the things we think we have to do. Facing death however, changes all of that†. (Morrie Schwartz, personal communication, p. 81) His words point out that a meaningful fulfilled life, is not measured on material possessions. But on how many lives you have touched, by giving someone an ear to talk to, a kiss, a hug, a wave, a thank you, a wink, a positive affirmation, or just a simple hi, how are you. Once again, beneficence.In simple Morris states, â€Å"Love each other or perish†. (Morrie Schwartz, personal communication, p. 91 and p. 125) Right up till Morrie died, he gave what seemed 100% of himself to all the lives he had touched, which could be act of act utilitarianism. He spread more love in a few short months by sharing his life lessons, than most of us do in a lifetime. He tried to benefit the most people regardless of personal feelings or societal constraints. The presence of the media being continuously portrayed in the story as evil would be an example of one of the societal constraints he spoke of.Morrie described it as an inherent evil, sucking the passion and ambition from Mitch Hence, allowing a negative appearance of the world’s goodness and community. (SparkNotes Editors). He faced all his emotions and worked all the way through them and then let them go. â€Å"That way when we are faced with an emotion we can identify it, feel it, and let it go†. (Morrie Schwartz, personal communication, p103-104) Another reoccurring theme of this story is food. Throughout Mitch’s visits to Morrie he brings along bags of food from Morrie’s favorite deli’s.Despite knowing that Morrie is too sick to eat, he continues to bring them. The ethical principle here may be seen as a paternalistic view. Mitch could be viewed as the authority in a sense. Although he knows the food is no longer food Morrie can ingest or manage, the gesture depicts the need for Mitch to sustain a sort of control in fear of losing Morrie. It can be seen as an attempt to prolong Morrie’s life. The main idea of personal autonomy is freedom to control personal values without interference by others. A person such as Morrie has had some of his autonomy taken away and in some aspects of his self control.I believe his wife for example, being his personal caregiver, would hold the position of beneficence, combining the two views would be paternalistic. Although she respected his autonomy she had a significant perspective of what was good for her husband. She kept her job throughout Morries illness. The general concept of this story reflects moral value. What a good attitude, responsibility and good conduct can result in. For Morrie, â€Å" The way you get meaning into your life is to devote yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning. ( Albolm, p. 43) I believe that Mitch’’s outlook on life made him rethink his own values and rethink his priorities.References: 1)Albom, M. (2007). Tuesdays with Morrie. New York: Random House Inc. 2)Lamont, Corliss. (2001). The Philosophy of Humanism, Half-Moon Foundation Inc. 3) SparkNotes Editors. (n. d. ). SparkNote on Tuesdays with Morrie. Retrieved December 16, 2010, from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/morrie/ 4) â€Å"Ethical Principles. † Online. Accessed December 20, 2010. How to cite Tuesdays with Morrie Sparknotes, Papers